Letters to a young Catholic Essay Example for Free

Letters to a young Catholic Essay The book â€Å"Letters to a Young Catholic† is an inquisition on the foundations of Catholic faith. It is a comprehensive introduction to Catholic theology as a different way of looking at things. Through these letters, George Weigel tackles the issue on what it really means to be a Catholic through insights about the religions roots and traditions, also touching on such areas as literature and music. Weigel gives a tour on some famous Catholic landmarks, taking into account people who have made significant contributions in shaping the authors beliefs. It is a testament to the belief in the doctrine of the Catholic Church that the author deems all-encompassing and universal. As the title implies, it was written for young Catholics; and whether they are want to reinforce their beliefs or are doubters who are looking for answers, this book is a relevant guide that teaches Catholicisms core beliefs, as well as the Catholic world view, in a refreshing manner. The discussion of Catholic world view is especially important as it gives an insight on how that world view differs from all other religious or secular perspectives (even that of Christianity). This odyssey consists of fourteen letters that the Weigel considers as integral to a young Catholics indoctrination and understanding of the Catholic perspective. It weaves all real and convincing Catholic teachings such as sacraments, discipleship, and the life of Christ in an interesting narrative. It starts off with the authors own childhood experiences in Baltimore, a predominantly Catholic community where he had come to acquire a understanding of the Catholic sacraments, doctrines, and parish life. He introduces the concept of Catholicism as a an essential aspect of living and viewing the world. He uses different settings to enlighten the reader about the the beliefs that form the cornerstone of the Catholic faith. The first of which is a depiction of the Scavi in St. Peters Basilica which houses the bones of St. Peter. Here, Weigel lays down the idea of the reality of the foundation of the Catholic Church. He tells the readers that the Bible is not merely a story, but a historical account about real places and people. The next chapter deals with a story about the early experiences of Pope John Paul II during the Nazi occupation. It show shows how the young Pope had undergone his ministry training living in secret in underground catacomb. The Popes vocational plight was also featured in the letter on â€Å"How Vocations Can Change History. † In the letter about â€Å"Mary and Discipleship†, the author tackles commitment issues among the young in the light of Marys own struggles. He also cited The Olde Cheshire Cheese, a pub where Christian thinkers such as G. K. Chester, and the Christian politician Hilaire Belloc frequented. The chapter also discussed how those people lived in a world full of anti-Catholic sentiments. In another letter that highlights St. Marys Catholic Church in Greenville, Weigel delves into the story of Father Jay Scott Newman. It teaches how and why prayer is important to the development of a community. In chapter twelve, his depiction of Chartres Cathedral in France evokes thought about the role of the human beauty for beauty in its magnificent construction. In other chapters, he presents new ways of understanding the Catholic world view with a journey through the Catholic landmarks such as the Oratory in Birmingham, Castle Howard in Yorkshire, the Sistine Chapel and North American College Mausoleum in Rome, the Old Cathedral in Baltimore, and the Basilica of the Holy Trinity in Krakow. Weigel also talks about the stories of other important Christian figures such as Jerzy Popieuszko, Edith Stein, Mother Teresa, Cardinal John Henry Newman, Flannery O Connor, Fra Angelico, and even Michaelangelo, who have been exemplary in living according to Jesuss path.

Focal Dystonia of the Hand, And What the Brain Has To Do With It :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Focal Dystonia of the Hand, And What the Brain Has To Do With It The body is complicated, and often the origins of a condition are all but obvious. Focal dystonia of the hand is one disorder whose underlying cause has been found in the more recent past. Although it can be genetic (1), the form of focal dystonia of the hand I look at here is caused by environmental factors (2). Focal dystonia of the hand is a condition characterized by a loss in motor control of one or more fingers. A single muscle or group of muscles is involved: muscles in the hand and forearm tense and tighten, with the result of making the hand (or part of it) curl (2). Musicians who have intensively practiced their instruments over a number of years are a group most affected by this condition. The reason is that focal dystonia can be caused by the repetitive movement of the fingers over a significant period of time. The condition was long known as "occupational hand cramp." (3). It can easily be misdiagnosed as simple overuse or stress of the hand (1). Although it may not be obvious at first sight of the symptoms, the level at which the problem is caused is not the hand, but the brain. Researchers at the University of Konstanz report "overlap or smearing of the homuncular organization of the representation of the digits in the primary somatosensory cortex" (3). Given that functions such as motor control cross over from the right side of the body to be represented in the left hemisphere, they found that the distance between the representations of individual fingers was smaller in the somatosensory cortex side corresponding to the hand that had undergone continued repetitious training (the left hand in case of violin players for example). What does all this mean in terms of the brain? Looking at the central nervous system as an input-output system, in very simple terms we can observe that a specific input is presented over and over again - in this case the stimulation of the fingers that play the violin - and as a result the organization within the box changes. More specifically, there is a one-to-one correspondence between input and internal representations of this input: all fingers are individually represented on the somatosensory cortex. But somehow, as these regions of representation begin to smear or overlap, the one-to-one correspondence is blurred.

Mystery stories Essay

I studied three short stories, â€Å"the Red Room, â€Å"the Signalman† and â€Å"the Speckled Band†. The stories are all linked together as they all have a sense of mystery, however they all have a different emphasis. â€Å"The Speckled Band† is a detective, murder mystery story yet the other two are ghost stories. All of the stories were written before 1914. It was around this time that people had gained a fascination with the criminal mind; they liked the idea of the clumsy criminal being outsmarted and captured by the genius detective. The Victorians also had a liking for the workings of the mind/psychoanalysis â€Å"set against the interest in the spirit world and the supernatural†. When they were first used, the railways represented glamour and mystique, and were the most advanced mode of transport. At the time of the Victorians they had an interest in scientific advances, so you had the conflict between this interest and the interest in the spiritual world, for example, in â€Å"the Red Room† – the old people believed in ghosts, however the man did not, the author did this in a way to provide conflict, as arguments could be brought up from both sides. In general, all mystery stories have a feeling of â€Å"safe fear†, meaning we can relate to the characters and the feeling of tension, this is created as the author involves the reader in the story by including questions or puzzles for them to solve, making them feel as though they are involved in the story. However, the readers feel safe in the knowledge that this is just a story, if they at any time feel threatened they can put the book down and return to reality. â€Å"The Speckled Band† is a story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and was first published (along with the other eleven books out of the first collection) in 1892. It is a murder mystery story and the plot line, to me, is simple – someone dies, Holmes is called in, he notices clues that the reader reads but doesn’t notice the significance until the end of the story (when all is explained), eventually Holmes reveals who the criminal is and how exactly he solved the mystery before the police (Scotland yard) solved it and therefore once again made himself to look like a genius detective. The theme of mystery starts at the beginning of the story, when a miss Helen Stoner reveals her problem and how she believed it happened. Holmes makes sure the reader knows he is a genius detective by pointing out little insignificant things that nobody else would look for. Such as, how Miss Helen Stoner arrived to his office that day (he noticed the return train ticket in the left hand palm of her glove, and noticed that the left arm of her jacket was â€Å"splattered in no less than seven places with mud† and there was â€Å"no vehicle, save the dog-cart which throws up mud in that way†). From this, the reader puts their faith in Holmes and recognise the skill he has, from this they’ll just know he’s the one who will figure out the mystery behind the complex problem he ids faced with. This could ruin the story, depending on your view of what a good mystery story is, as there’s no open ending. Once you have read the story once you will never be able to read it in the same way again, the mystery disappears. However, it is for this reason that people also like reading these stories. They can admire Holmes’ brilliance and enjoy having the story explained to them. Tension is built up in the story as Helen Stoner explains her suspicions that her stepfather â€Å"who is known to have a violent streak† is the killer and his motive for the attack means that she herself could be in danger. The reader can distinguish this and fear for her safety. The narrator in the story is Watson, Holmes’ sidekick. When the reader compares him to Holmes he seems â€Å"dull-witted†, he makes Holmes look good, and is often in the same mental state of confusion as the reader when the clues are there in front of us, waiting to be pieced together like a jigsaw. It is for this reason the reader feels that they can relate to Watson and â€Å"accept Holmes’ superiority†. The reader can see the two (Holmes and Watson) have a close relationship as Holmes felt the need to â€Å"knock Watson up† especially to see the new client (miss Helen Stoner), he knew Watson wouldn’t want to miss out on this opportunity â€Å"should it prove to be an interesting case, you would, I am sure, wish to follow it from the outset†. The setting for this particular story is very detailed, as I would have to be to describe the significant clues, for example, the ventilator, the (dummy) bell rope, the whistle, the saucer of milk, and the metallic â€Å"clanging† of the safe. Despite all the clues there were only two main settings, the Manor house in which Miss Helen Stoner lived and the crime took place, and Holmes’ house, which is famously known as 221B Baker Street. â€Å"The Signalman† is a ghost story. Its author is Charles Dickens and the date it was written is unknown to me. There’s no one technique, which Dickens uses to create tension. It is created from the beginning with the mere settings of the story producing a feeling of unease. The signalman lives in isolation at the tunnel entrance to a railway cutting. The was in which the narrator (who is nameless) has to call â€Å"Is there any path by which I can come down to you? † shows the reader just how isolated he is, as there is no obvious way of getting down, so there mustn’t be any necessity to make a path way. His surprise at receiving this visitor is one of suspicion and generates more tension, â€Å"his attitude was one of such expectation and watchfulness† that explains to the reader he is ready for something to happen, he is ready to run away, and this is causing the reader to think that something is going to happen and the build up to that causes anxiety. The way in which the signalman â€Å"directs a cautious look to the light† forms apprehension as the reader is still expecting something to happen. This is completely the opposite to the Sherlock Holmes story (â€Å"the Speckled Band†) as in that the author wanted to be relaxed and comfortable with the story so far before he described the mystery through Miss Helen Stoner. He produced this feeling of comfort by having a nice room with comfortable chairs, food and a nice warm fire. Also Holmes and Watson didn’t give the impression that they were scared of their visitor, which is what is happening in â€Å"the Signalman†. As the storyline deepens the reader is still told little about the signalman’s background to the reader, this helped form a more satisfactory atmosphere, as they all knew about her). The story does have its similarities to â€Å"the Speckled Band† however, as they give their explanations for what happened using a more scientific mind than a spiritual one. The narrator in â€Å"the Signalman† tries to show the signalman that the â€Å"someone else†, who he has seen before him, was nothing but a figment of his imagination – he looks for rational explanations as he is sceptical about the idea of ghosts, and the reader can identify with this, just as the reader could identify with the narrator in the Sherlock Holmes stories (Watson). The difference in â€Å"the Signalman† being that the reader is unsure of this narrator, they don’t know why he’s there or why he’s taking such an interest in the signalman himself. He’s therefore a mystery figure himself. As the plot thickens the reader is told the signalman has seen the â€Å"spectre† twice before, and each time there was a disaster that followed it. Therefore the â€Å"pattern of three† suggests that the third time the ghost appears there will be a disaster. It is this that keeps the reader interested; it makes the reader want to keep reading on the find out why the â€Å"spectre† appears. Dicken’s deliberately leaves unanswered questions until the end to maintain the readers curiosity. However the story has a twist at the end of it, the ghost is warning the signalman of his own death. The two stories are also similar in the way that they both have all questions answered fully at the end, so again, as with â€Å"the Speckled Band† the readers of â€Å"the Signalman† will not be able to read the story in the same way again, they know the outcome, there’s no mystery. â€Å"The Red Room† was written by H. G Wells and the date it was written, like â€Å"the Signalman†, is unknown to me. The story is like â€Å"the Signalman† meaning, it is another ghost story, and it is similar to â€Å"the Speckled Band† as it has a simple plot – a man (narrator) sets out to prove there is nothing superstitious about a â€Å"forbidden† room, in which a young Duke died, whilst in the room he suffers from several superstitious events and ends up being knocked out, he still refuses to believe in ghosts though. It is set in a castle, a very stereotypical setting to host a ghost story. Fear and suspicion about the room is created by descriptions (which are very important in mystery stories) of the surrounding and the other characters. In this case it’s the three old people who believe in a ghost occupies the â€Å"red room†, claiming, â€Å"There’s many a thing to see, and sorrow for†. The oddity of these old people itself causes some sense of abnormality, with such descriptions as â€Å"the man with the withered arm†, â€Å"the old woman sat staring into the fire, her pale eyes wide open† and â€Å"the man with the eye-shade (who couldn’t cease to cough and splutter)†. To have these three characters in a castle with descriptions including â€Å"oak-panelling† (old, dark, heavy), â€Å"alcoves†, â€Å"candles† (dim lighting, shadows), and â€Å"statues and heavy furniture† (in stereotypical ghost stories the statues come â€Å"alive† and join in the chase for the victim). â€Å"The Red Room† is now similar to â€Å"the Speckled Band† in the sense that the surroundings of suspicious events are in an enclosed space, as it’s inside, there’s less likely chance of escape if being chased, if this happens the reader will feel more on edge. The reader shares their views with the narrator in the beginning. The narrator is down-to-earth and doesn’t believe in a supernatural force occupying the room; he argues â€Å"eight-and-twenty years I have lived, and never a ghost I have seen, as yet† this story is similar to â€Å"the Signalman† as the story focuses on the narrator trying to show the other characters that ghosts aren’t real, and then in the end, in both stories, the narrator is proven wrong. â€Å"The Red Room† is the complete opposite to â€Å"the Speckled Band† and â€Å"the Signalman† in the way that it doesn’t answer all the questions at the end of the story, the narrator from â€Å"the Red Room† doesn’t want to accept that he did infact fall victim to supernatural forces, he claimed he â€Å"witnessed something worse than a ghost – experienced the worst of all things to haunt poor mortal man†¦ fear†. All of these stories have similarities and differences; they also fit the pattern of mystery stories. All the stories â€Å"plunge into action† very early on into the story, and are focused, mainly, on one or two of the key points with very few characters over a relatively short space of time. The description is vital on building tension in the story; all of the stories I studied described the surroundings well enough to form this feeling. I like â€Å"The Red Room† out of the three I chose to read, I liked it primarily due to the fact that it wasn’t answered fully, the story was left open for my mind to come up with possible solutions. I would be able to read it again, and not have the main essence of a mystery story, mystery, taken out of it, like I believe happened in â€Å"The Speckled Band† and â€Å"The Signalman† and â€Å"The Red Room† you are unknown†¦ anonymous. You can find it easier to put the story down and walk away, but in â€Å"The Speckled Band† Watson (the narrator) is needed, you feel the need to continue reading because Sherlock Homes himself asked you to be with him on the investigation (â€Å"your presence might be invaluable†) you feel as though you have betrayed him if you walk away from the story. And though I don’t like detective stories, I found this one the most fascinating out of the ones I studied for that reason.

The Decline Of The Latin American And Caribbean Region

For the Latin American/Caribbean region, one human induced environmental problem would be the severity of deforestation due to mining practices. According to Lisa Naughton’s lecture, the price of gold has skyrocketed due to the stock market crash, leading to a higher demand of gold and driving roughly 7,000 miners into the forest, making this a global resource demand. Gold mining has a significant history South America. According to page 281 of the textbook, Spain demanded that their colonies provide gold and silver for the Spanish crown during the 1500s, with the crown itself demanding 20% of all mining profits. Also, outsiders are no strangers to destroying South America’s natural resources for their own benefit. As stated on page 281,†¦show more content†¦Fish makes up about 80 percent of protein (Where Have All The Fish Gone? Film) in the Khmer people’s diet, and the downstream impact of the Yali Dam has led to high toxicity levels in the streams tha t have killed off the fish. Not only does this affect their diets, but it also affects their economy, since fish is a main export of Southeast Asia. The Mekong River Commission estimated that $200 million of fish migrate up the Hou Sahong channel a year (Biard, Lecture). The Don Sahong dam would block this channel, which would impact thousands of people. This problem is a result of local resource use, since the purpose of this dam is to generate electricity specifically for Cambodia. Southeast Asia becoming so dependent on exports, such as fish, has increased the severity of this issue. According to page 404 in the textbook, during the 1970s and 1980s, many southeastern countries have shifted their focus to developing products that could be exported all over the world. Similarly to those demanding gold from Latin America, the corporations in charge of the dams care about benefiting from its profits. According to Baird’s article, the main objective of building the Don Sahong D am is to generate revenue by exporting electricity to Thailand or Cambodia. Those who consider this Dam to be a problem would be the people of Cambodia and Laos who depend on the river for food and survival. Part B. Activists, such as Kuti